使用PBS备份PVE物理机特定路径

2020-10-13 作者： Fisherworks

This post shows you how to use PBS (Proxmox Backup Server) to backup a specific directory (or mount point) of a PVE (Proxmox Virtual Environment) server, which is NOT exactly same thing in my mind – to backup a physical PVE machine and restore to be another new one (with all my personal settings in) though, but still somehow interesting and worth a try.

本文简介如何使用PBS（Proxmox Backup Server）进行PVE物理机备份。

本以为，这功能可以把pve物理机clone一份然后秒恢复成一台新物理机（类似硬盘dd但更简单）。但实际并非如此，该功能是把特定路径（比如根目录）下的文件整体打包备份（不含已挂载别的分区的路径）；而恢复时也不是整分区恢复，而是按文件恢复，且文件已经存在时会报错。

虽然跟想的不太一样，至少这货有一点好处，简便易操作。相当于给PVE物理机磁盘打了个snapshot，而且PBS的管理界面可以把备份解开，只下载（恢复）其中某一个文件，有一定的实用价值。

现在看下备份过程，在PVE物理机上执行如下命令 –

root@pve-test-pbs:~# proxmox-backup-client backup 121-root.pxar:/ --repository 192.168.1.122:test-store-01
Starting backup: host/pve-test-pbs/2020-10-13T03:06:41Z
Client name: pve-test-pbs
Starting backup protocol: Tue Oct 13 11:06:41 2020
Upload directory '/' to '192.168.1.122:test-store-01' as 121-root.pxar.didx
121-root.pxar: had to upload 1.67 GiB of 1.87 GiB in 23.20s, average speed 73.54 MiB/s).
121-root.pxar: backup was done incrementally, reused 208.00 MiB (10.9%)
Uploaded backup catalog (1.00 MiB)
Duration: 23.28s
End Time: Tue Oct 13 11:07:04 2020

root@pve-test-pbs:~#

root@pve-test-pbs:~# proxmox-backup-client backup 121-root.pxar:/ --repository 192.168.1.122:test-store-01

Starting backup: host/pve-test-pbs/2020-10-13T03:06:41Z

Client name: pve-test-pbs

Starting backup protocol: Tue Oct 13 11:06:41 2020

Upload directory '/' to '192.168.1.122:test-store-01' as 121-root.pxar.didx

121-root.pxar: had to upload 1.67 GiB of 1.87 GiB in 23.20s, average speed 73.54 MiB/s).

121-root.pxar: backup was done incrementally, reused 208.00 MiB (10.9%)

Uploaded backup catalog (1.00 MiB)

Duration: 23.28s

End Time: Tue Oct 13 11:07:04 2020

root@pve-test-pbs:~#

其中 –

backup指备份操作。
121-root.pxar是备份到具体的文件名，而pxar是pbs使用的备份文件格式。上一篇PBS初体验中提到了PBS中特殊的存储方式，这里也不例外，121-root.pxar文件名在pbs中也只是个索引文件，具体数据存储也是打散在.chunks下的65536个子目录中。
:/ 指要备份root挂载点（之下比如/var挂载了别的分区，则不会被备份到）。
--repository 告诉备份命令，要备份到远端的PBS服务器。
192.168.1.122:test-store-01 给出PBS服务器的具体IP（端口默认8007）和存储池名字。

备份完成后，从PBS管理界面，可以看到备份信息。

更有意思的是，备份可以展开，甚至可以下载某一具体文件。

# root @ pbs-test in /mnt/datastore/test-store-01 [11:29:24]
$ ll
total 24K
drwxr-xr-x 4 backup backup 4.0K Oct 13 11:06 host
drwx------ 2 root   root    16K Oct 12 15:29 lost+found
drwxr-xr-x 3 backup backup 4.0K Oct 12 16:02 vm

# root @ pbs-test in /mnt/datastore/test-store-01 [11:29:36]
$ ll host/pve-test-pbs/2020-10-13T03:06:41Z
total 40K
-rw-r--r-- 1 backup backup  25K Oct 13 11:07 121-root.pxar.didx
-rw-r--r-- 1 backup backup 4.2K Oct 13 11:07 catalog.pcat1.didx
-rw-r--r-- 1 backup backup  399 Oct 13 11:07 index.json.blob

# root @ pbs-test in /mnt/datastore/test-store-01 [11:29:24]

$ ll

total 24K

drwxr-xr-x 4 backup backup 4.0K Oct 13 11:06 host

drwx------ 2 root root 16K Oct 12 15:29 lost+found

drwxr-xr-x 3 backup backup 4.0K Oct 12 16:02 vm

# root @ pbs-test in /mnt/datastore/test-store-01 [11:29:36]

$ ll host/pve-test-pbs/2020-10-13T03:06:41Z

total 40K

-rw-r--r-- 1 backup backup 25K Oct 13 11:07 121-root.pxar.didx

-rw-r--r-- 1 backup backup 4.2K Oct 13 11:07 catalog.pcat1.didx

-rw-r--r-- 1 backup backup 399 Oct 13 11:07 index.json.blob

那么如果从PVE上列出PBS的备份，从而检查内容和恢复呢？

如下列出目标PBS上一共两台host和一台vm共4个备份文件。

root@pve-test-pbs:~# proxmox-backup-client snapshots --repository 192.168.1.122:test-store-01
+========================================+=============+========================================================+
| snapshot                               |        size | files                                                  |
+========================================+=============+========================================================+
| host/aqui-vm-host/2020-10-13T02:00:57Z |  3119187277 | 143-root.pxar catalog.pcat1 index.json                 |
+----------------------------------------+-------------+--------------------------------------------------------+
| host/pve-test-pbs/2020-10-13T03:06:41Z |  2008406535 | 121-root.pxar catalog.pcat1 index.json                 |
+----------------------------------------+-------------+--------------------------------------------------------+
| vm/503/2020-10-12T08:00:41Z            | 68719477444 | client.log drive-scsi0.img index.json qemu-server.conf |
+----------------------------------------+-------------+--------------------------------------------------------+
| vm/503/2020-10-12T09:15:02Z            | 68719477442 | client.log drive-scsi0.img index.json qemu-server.conf |
+========================================+=============+========================================================+

root@pve-test-pbs:~#

root@pve-test-pbs:~# proxmox-backup-client snapshots --repository 192.168.1.122:test-store-01

+========================================+=============+========================================================+

| snapshot | size | files |

+========================================+=============+========================================================+

| host/aqui-vm-host/2020-10-13T02:00:57Z | 3119187277 | 143-root.pxar catalog.pcat1 index.json |

+----------------------------------------+-------------+--------------------------------------------------------+

| host/pve-test-pbs/2020-10-13T03:06:41Z | 2008406535 | 121-root.pxar catalog.pcat1 index.json |

+----------------------------------------+-------------+--------------------------------------------------------+

| vm/503/2020-10-12T08:00:41Z | 68719477444 | client.log drive-scsi0.img index.json qemu-server.conf |

+----------------------------------------+-------------+--------------------------------------------------------+

| vm/503/2020-10-12T09:15:02Z | 68719477442 | client.log drive-scsi0.img index.json qemu-server.conf |

+========================================+=============+========================================================+

root@pve-test-pbs:~#

检查第二个备份中index.json的内容。

root@pve-test-pbs:~# proxmox-backup-client restore host/pve-test-pbs/2020-10-13T03:06:41Z --repository 192.168.1.122:test-store-01 index.json -
{
  "backup-id": "pve-test-pbs",
  "backup-time": 1602558401,
  "backup-type": "host",
  "files": [
    {
      "crypt-mode": "none",
      "csum": "0bad410a155ff19d8293ca32664b0e650cf30ccd9c526f70308ab99c534b3560",
      "filename": "121-root.pxar.didx",
      "size": 2007354489
    },
    {
      "crypt-mode": "none",
      "csum": "0d8e3b159d2b31f97cf25a0ff0ed447fbc80b3e1684a58843f9b2aa13defd6ae",
      "filename": "catalog.pcat1.didx",
      "size": 1051647
    }
  ],
  "signature": null,
  "unprotected": {
    "chunk_upload_stats": {
      "compressed_size": 678587355,
      "count": 506,
      "duplicates": 65,
      "size": 1790302653
    }
  }
}

root@pve-test-pbs:~#

root@pve-test-pbs:~# proxmox-backup-client restore host/pve-test-pbs/2020-10-13T03:06:41Z --repository 192.168.1.122:test-store-01 index.json -

{

"backup-id": "pve-test-pbs",

"backup-time": 1602558401,

"backup-type": "host",

"files": [

{

"crypt-mode": "none",

"csum": "0bad410a155ff19d8293ca32664b0e650cf30ccd9c526f70308ab99c534b3560",

"filename": "121-root.pxar.didx",

"size": 2007354489

{

"crypt-mode": "none",

"csum": "0d8e3b159d2b31f97cf25a0ff0ed447fbc80b3e1684a58843f9b2aa13defd6ae",

"filename": "catalog.pcat1.didx",

"size": 1051647

}

"signature": null,

"unprotected": {

"chunk_upload_stats": {

"compressed_size": 678587355,

"count": 506,

"duplicates": 65,

"size": 1790302653

}

root@pve-test-pbs:~#

你还可以灰常方便的把远端备份挂载到本地的目录下。

root@pve-test-pbs:~# mkdir /mnt/backup

root@pve-test-pbs:~# proxmox-backup-client mount host/pve-test-pbs/2020-10-13T03:06:41Z --repository 192.168.1.122:test-store-01 121-root.pxar /mnt/backup
FUSE library version: 3.4.1

root@pve-test-pbs:~#

root@pve-test-pbs:~# cd /mnt/backup/

root@pve-test-pbs:/mnt/backup# ls -l
total 0
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 0 Mar  6  2020 bin -> usr/bin
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 0 Oct 13 10:26 boot
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 0 Oct 13 10:36 dev
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 0 Oct 13 10:33 etc
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 0 Feb  2  2020 home
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 0 Mar  6  2020 lib -> usr/lib
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 0 Mar  6  2020 lib32 -> usr/lib32
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 0 Mar  6  2020 lib64 -> usr/lib64
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 0 Mar  6  2020 libx32 -> usr/libx32
drwx------ 2 root root 0 Oct 13 10:22 lost+found
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 0 Mar  6  2020 media
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 0 Mar  6  2020 mnt
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 0 Mar  6  2020 opt
dr-xr-xr-x 2 root root 0 Oct 13 10:27 proc
drwx------ 2 root root 0 Oct 13 10:33 root
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 0 Oct 13 10:29 run
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 0 Mar  6  2020 sbin -> usr/sbin
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 0 Mar  6  2020 srv
dr-xr-xr-x 2 root root 0 Oct 13 10:27 sys
drwxrwxrwt 2 root root 0 Oct 13 10:33 tmp
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 0 Mar  6  2020 usr
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 0 Mar  6  2020 var

root@pve-test-pbs:/mnt/backup# mount
sysfs on /sys type sysfs (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime)
proc on /proc type proc (rw,relatime)
udev on /dev type devtmpfs (rw,nosuid,relatime,size=1990424k,nr_inodes=497606,mode=755)
devpts on /dev/pts type devpts (rw,nosuid,noexec,relatime,gid=5,mode=620,ptmxmode=000)
tmpfs on /run type tmpfs (rw,nosuid,noexec,relatime,size=403004k,mode=755)
/dev/mapper/pve-root on / type ext4 (rw,relatime,errors=remount-ro)
# 部分省略
tmpfs on /run/user/0 type tmpfs (rw,nosuid,nodev,relatime,size=403000k,mode=700)
/dev/fuse on /mnt/backup type fuse (ro,nosuid,nodev,relatime,user_id=0,group_id=0,default_permissions)
root@pve-test-pbs:/mnt/backup#

root@pve-test-pbs:~# mkdir /mnt/backup

root@pve-test-pbs:~# proxmox-backup-client mount host/pve-test-pbs/2020-10-13T03:06:41Z --repository 192.168.1.122:test-store-01 121-root.pxar /mnt/backup

FUSE library version: 3.4.1

root@pve-test-pbs:~#

root@pve-test-pbs:~# cd /mnt/backup/

root@pve-test-pbs:/mnt/backup# ls -l

total 0

lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 0 Mar 6 2020 bin -> usr/bin

drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 0 Oct 13 10:26 boot

drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 0 Oct 13 10:36 dev

drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 0 Oct 13 10:33 etc

drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 0 Feb 2 2020 home

lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 0 Mar 6 2020 lib -> usr/lib

lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 0 Mar 6 2020 lib32 -> usr/lib32

lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 0 Mar 6 2020 lib64 -> usr/lib64

lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 0 Mar 6 2020 libx32 -> usr/libx32

drwx------ 2 root root 0 Oct 13 10:22 lost+found

drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 0 Mar 6 2020 media

drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 0 Mar 6 2020 mnt

drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 0 Mar 6 2020 opt

dr-xr-xr-x 2 root root 0 Oct 13 10:27 proc

drwx------ 2 root root 0 Oct 13 10:33 root

drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 0 Oct 13 10:29 run

lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 0 Mar 6 2020 sbin -> usr/sbin

drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 0 Mar 6 2020 srv

dr-xr-xr-x 2 root root 0 Oct 13 10:27 sys

drwxrwxrwt 2 root root 0 Oct 13 10:33 tmp

drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 0 Mar 6 2020 usr

drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 0 Mar 6 2020 var

root@pve-test-pbs:/mnt/backup# mount

sysfs on /sys type sysfs (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime)

proc on /proc type proc (rw,relatime)

udev on /dev type devtmpfs (rw,nosuid,relatime,size=1990424k,nr_inodes=497606,mode=755)

devpts on /dev/pts type devpts (rw,nosuid,noexec,relatime,gid=5,mode=620,ptmxmode=000)

tmpfs on /run type tmpfs (rw,nosuid,noexec,relatime,size=403004k,mode=755)

/dev/mapper/pve-root on / type ext4 (rw,relatime,errors=remount-ro)

# 部分省略

tmpfs on /run/user/0 type tmpfs (rw,nosuid,nodev,relatime,size=403000k,mode=700)

/dev/fuse on /mnt/backup type fuse (ro,nosuid,nodev,relatime,user_id=0,group_id=0,default_permissions)

root@pve-test-pbs:/mnt/backup#

但当你要恢复的时候

root@pve-test-pbs:/mnt/backup# proxmox-backup-client restore host/aqui-vm-host/2020-10-13T02:00:57Z --repository 192.168.1.122:test-store-01 143-root.pxar /
Error: error extracting archive - error at entry "bin": EEXIST: File exists

1 2	root@pve-test-pbs:/mnt/backup# proxmox-backup-client restore host/aqui-vm-host/2020-10-13T02:00:57Z --repository 192.168.1.122:test-store-01 143-root.pxar / Error: error extracting archive - error at entry "bin": EEXIST: File exists

没法怪PBS，对活着的系统做根分区恢复，类似给飞行中的飞机换引擎，未免有点强人所难。

如果不是根分区，抑或恢复到别的分区，应该是完全OK的。

root@pve-test-pbs:~# proxmox-backup-client restore host/pve-test-pbs/2020-10-13T03:06:41Z --repository 192.168.1.122:test-store-01 121-root.pxar /mnt/test

root@pve-test-pbs:~# ls -l /mnt/test/
total 64
lrwxrwxrwx  1 root root    7 Mar  6  2020 bin -> usr/bin
drwxr-xr-x  5 root root 4096 Oct 13 10:26 boot
drwxr-xr-x  2 root root 4096 Oct 13 10:36 dev
drwxr-xr-x 88 root root 4096 Oct 13 10:33 etc
drwxr-xr-x  2 root root 4096 Feb  2  2020 home
lrwxrwxrwx  1 root root    7 Mar  6  2020 lib -> usr/lib
lrwxrwxrwx  1 root root    9 Mar  6  2020 lib32 -> usr/lib32
lrwxrwxrwx  1 root root    9 Mar  6  2020 lib64 -> usr/lib64
lrwxrwxrwx  1 root root   10 Mar  6  2020 libx32 -> usr/libx32
drwx------  2 root root 4096 Oct 13 10:22 lost+found
drwxr-xr-x  2 root root 4096 Mar  6  2020 media
drwxr-xr-x  3 root root 4096 Mar  6  2020 mnt
drwxr-xr-x  2 root root 4096 Mar  6  2020 opt
dr-xr-xr-x  2 root root 4096 Oct 13 10:27 proc
drwx------  6 root root 4096 Oct 13 10:33 root
drwxr-xr-x  2 root root 4096 Oct 13 10:29 run
lrwxrwxrwx  1 root root    8 Mar  6  2020 sbin -> usr/sbin
drwxr-xr-x  2 root root 4096 Mar  6  2020 srv
dr-xr-xr-x  2 root root 4096 Oct 13 10:27 sys
drwxrwxrwt  8 root root 4096 Oct 13 10:33 tmp
drwxr-xr-x 13 root root 4096 Mar  6  2020 usr
drwxr-xr-x 11 root root 4096 Mar  6  2020 var

root@pve-test-pbs:~# df -h
Filesystem            Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
udev                  1.9G     0  1.9G   0% /dev
tmpfs                 394M  5.7M  388M   2% /run
/dev/mapper/pve-root   16G  2.0G   13G  14% /
tmpfs                 2.0G   25M  1.9G   2% /dev/shm
tmpfs                 5.0M     0  5.0M   0% /run/lock
tmpfs                 2.0G     0  2.0G   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/fuse              30M   16K   30M   1% /etc/pve
tmpfs                 394M  4.0K  394M   1% /run/user/0
/dev/sdb1              63G  2.1G   58G   4% /mnt/test

root@pve-test-pbs:~# proxmox-backup-client restore host/pve-test-pbs/2020-10-13T03:06:41Z --repository 192.168.1.122:test-store-01 121-root.pxar /mnt/test

root@pve-test-pbs:~# ls -l /mnt/test/

total 64

lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 7 Mar 6 2020 bin -> usr/bin

drwxr-xr-x 5 root root 4096 Oct 13 10:26 boot

drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Oct 13 10:36 dev

drwxr-xr-x 88 root root 4096 Oct 13 10:33 etc

drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Feb 2 2020 home

lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 7 Mar 6 2020 lib -> usr/lib

lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 9 Mar 6 2020 lib32 -> usr/lib32

lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 9 Mar 6 2020 lib64 -> usr/lib64

lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 10 Mar 6 2020 libx32 -> usr/libx32

drwx------ 2 root root 4096 Oct 13 10:22 lost+found

drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Mar 6 2020 media

drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 Mar 6 2020 mnt

drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Mar 6 2020 opt

dr-xr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Oct 13 10:27 proc

drwx------ 6 root root 4096 Oct 13 10:33 root

drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Oct 13 10:29 run

lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 8 Mar 6 2020 sbin -> usr/sbin

drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Mar 6 2020 srv

dr-xr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Oct 13 10:27 sys

drwxrwxrwt 8 root root 4096 Oct 13 10:33 tmp

drwxr-xr-x 13 root root 4096 Mar 6 2020 usr

drwxr-xr-x 11 root root 4096 Mar 6 2020 var

root@pve-test-pbs:~# df -h

Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on

udev 1.9G 0 1.9G 0% /dev

tmpfs 394M 5.7M 388M 2% /run

/dev/mapper/pve-root 16G 2.0G 13G 14% /

tmpfs 2.0G 25M 1.9G 2% /dev/shm

tmpfs 5.0M 0 5.0M 0% /run/lock

tmpfs 2.0G 0 2.0G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup

/dev/fuse 30M 16K 30M 1% /etc/pve

tmpfs 394M 4.0K 394M 1% /run/user/0

/dev/sdb1 63G 2.1G 58G 4% /mnt/test

可以看到恢复完成后没有返回任何提示信息，但列举目标目录的内容，以及容量变化，应该是完整恢复好了。

这次实验也花了2小时左右，更多深入测试就不做了，有需要的同学可以进一步读下官网文档。

原创文章，转载请注明： 转载自渔人小径

本文链接地址: 使用PBS备份PVE物理机特定路径

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